p-wave seismic fault detection

[candle]

Hi,
have any one papers or books on how can we detect faults and fractures on P-waves seismic or any related topic to tight reservoir!
best reggards

[geophysical_man]

u can search for application of refaction seismic survey.,
by making shot ,we can determine fault throw =dz=(dti*v1)/2cos$
where dti is the difference in intercept time
v1 is the velocity of 1st layer
$ is critical angle =(sin)^-1(v1/v2)

i wish i could help u .

[ahmedsisy]

geophysical man
thank you for your post, but as you know the seismic refraction has very limited applications in oil industry, i tried t understand this formula from reflection point of view but i couldn't understand the use of term (2cos$)
can you please explain this formula in more details ?
thank you