Continous, Intermittent and Standby Loads; Demand Factors?

[deepchands]

Dear Professionals,

In most oil and gas projects, loads are divided into continuous, intermittent and standby loads; are summed up separately and then applied with 1, 0.5, 0.1 diversity factors for continuous, intermittent and standby respectively. Then,

maximum running load = continuous loads*(1.0) + intermittent loads*(0.50)

Peak Load = continuous load*(1.0) + intermittent loads*(0.50) + standby loads*(0.10)

Are those applied diversity factors: 0.50(for intermittent), 0.10 (for standby) an industry practice? or
is there a code that recommends these factors?

Please reply..

[JUANPE]

The factors are calculated to maintain a probability lower than 95% of the presence of simulataneous load and normally they have two stage: The Ultimate & Serviceabilty limit state design(ULS & SLS). Every code have different factors. But I see that this ones are lower maybe those are SLS.

[deepchands]

Is (ULS & SLS) one related to electrical..?

[JUANPE]

No. This is related to structural loads. The mathematical philosophy of mechanical and electrical system are the same.

For electrical system you can see this article:

[link Point to another website Only the registered members can access]

[surgeArrester]

Sometimes, it depends on the Clients regarding with diversity factors. The higher the diversity factors, the more conservative the design is. And i think it varies from Client to Client.