Flare Gas Recovery Ideas
In oil and gas industry there is a large amount of gas going to flare system and many researches and ideas on how to reuse this gas ,reduction in gas flaring or get benefit from from flare system energy , i hope if any one have any ideas , experience or researches papers in this filed can share it with us
Very Active Member
Hi Mohamed:
I am sharing "Flare Gas Recovery in Oil and Gas Refineries" by O. Zadakbar, A. Vatani and K. Karimpour. The download link is:
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I hope it´s useful.
Regards
..
very thanks brother for your sharing , i already found this papers shared before in the forum and i read and it very interested , but i ask if there is variety of suggestion, options or experiences in the field of flare gas reuse , to can chose the more suitable of my caseOriginally Posted by f81aa
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Air Emissions Reduction and Zero Flaring and Venting
Preview Abstract
Gas Processing Facility (GPF) project achieved Zero flaring.
1.7million standard cubic feet per day (41.65 tons) gas recovered thru Vapor Recovery System and protect the environment by reducing;
CO2 : 3,924 tons/yr
CO: 123.6 tons/yr
NOx: 21.6 tons/yrs
Ø Total gas recovered: 612 million standard cubic feet per year
Ø Revenue saving: 835,380 US$ /year
Vapor Recovery Unit (VRU):
Under this unit, gases from the Tertiary Ethyl Glycol (TEG)Dehydration package and vents from compressors dry gas seals are recovered/ captured and compressed in the VRU and then sent to the suction for the main gas compressor for reuse instead of going to flare
Gas Processing Project (GPF) at Zakum complex is a new gas treatment platform that will augment the existing gas processing capacity of the Zakum West Super Complex. It will increase the associated gas production from Zakum oilfield. The beauty of this project is that ADMA has employed the Zero flaring policy. There will be no flaring at all at this platform. This is one of the unique project of its nature in the ADNOC group of companies, even in Emirates and could be in the whole middle east where is there would be NO flaring. We have designed flare as well in this project but that would be used only for emergencies.
GPF is a stand alone platform with independent utilities and support facilities. The GPF platform is 67.5 meter in length and 43 meters in width. GPF is located at Zakum oilfield, offshore facility about 65 kilometer Northwest of Abu Dhabi. This platform has three main decks, cellar, mezzanine and main. The flare structure consists of a 120 meter long flare bridge with a 80m above sea level angled boom. The distance from the flare tip to the GPF platform is150 m.
There will not be any flaring during normal operation of the GPF, as Zero flaring technology is installed. Hydrocarbon from the GPF platform will be recovered using a Vapour Recovery Unit (VRU) facility. Flaring will only be undertaken during emergency conditions.
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Global Gas Flaring Reduction
Mexico Achieves Significant Drop in Flaring Volumes
Mexico has made significant strides in reducing flaring in the last two years, a 66% drop in overall volumes. This is largely the result of an important collaborative effort between the Secretary of Energy, Pemex, the regulators, GGFR and other stakeholders.
During the 1Q of 2012 GGFR was invited to present at two events organized by the National Hydrocarbon Commission (CNH). GGFR spoke at the first forum on hydrocarbon measurement, which included discussions on key challenges of flare and vent measurement; at the second event, GGFR presented lessons learned from international best practices on policy and regulations, delivered within a hearing organized by the CNH, entitled “Moving Towards a Second Generation of Flaring Policy and Regulation in Mexico”.
The 2012 work program has been prepared and discussed with Pemex and CNH, and includes activities to support Pemex identify and assess gas utilization options and practices to help improve flare and vent measurement.
During the meetings, Pemex confirmed its commitment to continue reducing flared gas and mentioned some of the main remaining challenges, including: keeping levels of flaring down while sustaining oil production; planning and prioritization of gas recovery investments; complying and reporting on flare and vent regulations.
GGFR-European Bank Study Assesses Flaring, Venting in 100 Oil Sites
Jointly with the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), GGFR is co-managing a one-million Euro study entitled “Associated Petroleum Gas Flaring Study for Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan”.
Within the framework of this study, consultants have reviewed and analyzed the flaring situation in these countries, and have assessed venting and flaring in about 100 oil sites across the four countries.
The project team plans to meet with representatives of companies identified by the study to seek their co-operation and further understanding of the viability of selected gas utilization projects.
Next steps will include the development of a number of “bankable” projects, and the dissemination of the study’s results through a number of workshops in participating countries.
GGFR Supports Indonesia’s Drafting of Regulation
The GGFR is supporting Indonesia’s Directorate General for Oil and Gas (DG MIGAS) with the drafting of regulations on flare and vent management in upstream oil and gas operations. The conceptual basis for this work will be the recommendations of a GGFR-sponsored study on “International Practices in Flaring and Venting Policy and Regulation and their Adaptation for Indonesia”.
As part of the action plan, a methodology for economic assessment of associated gas utilization projects will be tested on two representative projects with participation of experts from both GGFR and DG MIGAS. The methodology will be used both as a basis for incentivizing gas utilization or for granting temporary flaring permits. This exercise will also serve to fine-tune the methodology for Indonesian application as well as increase the regulator’s technical capacities.
The GGFR is also participating in a Gas Development Master Plan jointly with another World Bank team. This work is being championed by Bappenas.
Kuwait Defines “Technical Limit” to Flaring Reduction
KOC has undertaken a vast program of gas flaring reduction since 2006. They are now reaching a very low level of flaring within their facilities (around 1.5% of the gas produced according to their reporting) and require GGFR support to reduce flaring even further, below 1% of the gas produced if possible, and also to help define a “technical limit” to flaring reduction. A mission was organized in March 2012 to address these questions.
A team, consisting of a GGFR representative and a consultant, spent a week visiting KOC facilities, interviewing management and other staff, and reviewing KOC’s performance in terms of gas flaring reduction. The mission confirmed KOC’s impressive performance in terms of gas flaring reduction, based upon a strong commitment of the management, vast investments in the facilities, and also a policy of increasing staff awareness toward the importance of flaring reduction and gas utilization.
KOC has invested billions of dollars in facilities to collect, treat and compress the gas and make it available to end users (KNPC for refineries, MEW for power generation, Equate for petrochemicals). These investments also aim at avoiding bottlenecks and developing redundancy in case of facilities upset. More of these investments are to come.
The awareness of operational staff to avoiding flaring as much as possible is also a key success factor, as well as close cooperation and communication along the value chain -from the well head to the end user- in order to avoid flaring even in case of facilities breakdowns along the chain.
The team made recommendations to help further reduce flaring and to define a “technical limit” to what is realistically feasible. The GGFR team now plans to meet with Kuwait Gulf Oil Company to discuss the scope of work in the Divided Zone, and start work on gas flaring regulations.
During the March mission, an official ceremony was also organized to celebrate Kuwait’s official signature of the GGFR Agreements which resulted in extensive press coverage.
Nigeria Assesses Small-scale Opportunities for Gas Utilization
The GGFR 2012 work program in Nigeria focuses on the preparation of a Global Environment Facility (GEF)-funded project which will be submitted to the World Bank’s Board for approval early 2013. This includes securing the necessary co-financing and flare gas sources from the IOCs operating in Nigeria, and potentially from other financial sources such as the European Union.
The GEF project is a feasibility study that will identify the technical, financial and market requirements for commercial projects using small volumes of currently flared gas to deliver energy products such as electricity, LPG and CNG to local communities. The project will not only look at power generation, but also at opportunities for supplying cleaner, affordable cooking and transport fuels. The project has three key components: technology identification and technical/commercial feasibility; development of a viable business plan, market assessment and provision of transactional advice; strengthening State government support capabilities for the development of small-scale gas utilization projects.
The outcome of these components will be the project definition, including detailed engineering design and related market assessment demonstrating the commercial viability of a pilot demonstration project. The success of this project will be defined by its ability to facilitate investments by private or other investors in the demonstration facility. Subsequently, it is hoped that other similar projects will be undertaken once the demo facility has proven the viability of the model.
The FGN is in the process of developing the National Gas Supply and Pricing Policy for the domestic market. To implement economic viable gas utilization projects the pricing of the gas has to accommodate also for small-scale projects. The GGFR team will engage in its regulatory and policy work to foster an enabling investment environment by discussing with the government a pricing category for domestic gas utilization which reflects the use of associated gas for small-scale projects.
Furthermore, GGFR will continue to participate in and facilitate the Nigeria Flare Reduction Committee (NFRC), assuming a renewed mandate from the Minister of Petroleum Resources will be forthcoming. A meeting of the NFRC was held on April 4, 2012, to discuss the Terms of Reference to propose to the Minister for continued NFRC activity, and to discuss provision of data on the current status of the operators’ associated gas utilization projects.
[h=Gas Flaring Wastes Resources, Pollutes Atmosphere]1[/h]
A gas flare burns off the natural gas released during the oil extraction process.
Every year, the oil industry burns off up to 170 billion cubic meters of natural gas released in the oil extraction process, according to a new[link Point to another website Only the registered members can access]
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When crude oil is brought to the surface from deep inside the earth, gas associated with the extraction frequently surfaces as well. Rather than simply burning it off, the World Bank supports exploiting the resource by either injecting it into the ground for reuse in oil production, converting it to liquid natural gas, transporting it via pipelines, or tapping it to generate electricity on-site. If the estimated 170 billion cubic meters of natural gas burned off in 2006 had been sold on the U.S. market, it would have been worth $40 billion, or 27 percent of U.S. natural gas consumption, the report notes. But in remote areas that lack infrastructure and are far from potential consumers, gas flaring may still be the most economical option.
The study, which examined data collected from 1995 through 2006, is the first of its kind to use satellite images of flaring sites. “In the past, the only way to track gas flaring was through official estimates, but now those days are over,” notes lead author Christopher Elvidge, a scientist with the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. “These independent figures should help governments and companies alike to get a better sense of how much gas they are actually flaring.” Twenty-two countries have increased gas flaring in the past 12 years, according to the report. Russia and Nigeria appear to be the worst offenders, responsible for roughly one-third and one-sixth of global gas flaring, respectively. Nine countries have had fairly stable gas flaring over the past 12 years, and 16 countries have decreased flaring in that time—among them Argentina, India, Nigeria, Norway, Syria, and the United Arab Emirates.
[h=GGFR Partners Cut Flaring, Use Gas to Electrify Homes]1[/h]For years, the M’Boundi field, the largest slice of the Italian oil major Eni’s production in the country—about 37,000 barrels a day—was dotted with gas flares. But now, instead of being wasted, much of that gas is piped to a 350 megawatt gas-to-power project that feeds two power plants. The initiative has reduced greenhouse gas emissions and increased access to electricity for some 300,000 people. “We are conscious of the important challenge of reducing gas flaring and venting,” said André Loemba, Congo’s Minister of Hydrocarbons. “That’s why the Ministry of Hydrocarbons and other agencies have initiated various actions to increase the utilization of associated gas.” To underline its commitment to gas flaring reduction, the Republic of Congo recently joined the Global Gas Flaring Reduction partnership (GGFR), a public-private initiative led by the World Bank. The GGFR facilitates and supports national efforts like this one to use currently flared gas. It does this by promoting effective regulatory frameworks and tackling the constraints on gas utilization, such as insufficient infrastructure and poor access to local and international energy markets, particularly in developing countries.
In 2007, Congo’s government issued a “zero gas flaring” decree which set a plan for operators to propose solutions to reduce gas flaring over a five-year timeframe and impose penalties for non-compliance. The estimated gas flaring rate in 2010 was approximately two billion cubic meters. With Congo joining the GGFR, its government is serving notice that it aims to bring that rate down through more concerted action like that at M’Boundi.
Many oil producers are achieving results like Congo’s. Azerbaijan’s national oil company has cut flaring by nearly half in just two years. In the Persian Gulf, Qatar Petroleum and Maersk have worked to capture 180 million cubic feet of gas per day for electricity. Mexico has cut flaring by two-thirds in two years, and Kuwait is flaring only one percent of gas associated with its oil production operations. Over the past six years, flaring of gas associated with oil production has dropped by 20% worldwide: from 172 billion cubic meters in 2005 to 140 bcm in 2011, according to latest data from satellite estimates. This cut translates into the prevention of 274 million tons of CO2 emissions, roughly equivalent to taking 52 million cars off the road.
Rachel Kyte, World Bank Vice President for Sustainable Development, has called on oil producers, both countries and companies, to “raise the bar” by reducing gas flaring by another 30% by 2017. This would reduce flaring from 140 bcm of gas flared in 2011 to 100 bcm by end of 2017, for a reduction in CO2 emissions equivalent to taking 60 million cars off the road.
“A 30% cut in five years is a realistic goal,” Ms. Kyte told about 200 senior government and oil company officials at a Global Forum in London October 24, 2012, at which GGFR partners reviewed the initiative’s progress since it was launched in 2002.
“Given the need for energy in so many countries—one in five people on the planet without electricity—we need to raise our ambition,” she said. “We simply cannot afford to waste this gas any more.”
The GGFR’s steering committee has agreed to step up its flaring reduction efforts by working along the whole gas value chain, including activities to develop gas infrastructure and markets particularly in developing countries. One of the major goals is to increase the utilization of previously flared gas to expand access to electricity and cleaner household fuels.
The expansion of this work scope aims to sustain and, if possible, accelerate the downward trend on flaring reduction seen in recent years.
This broader effort is also consistent with other global development initiatives such as the Sustainable Energy for All program (SEFA), recently launched by the UN.
The Sustainable Energy for All initiative, launched by United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, and supported by the World Bank Group, calls on governments, businesses and civil society to achieve three goals by 2030, namely universal access to energy, including electricity and clean cooking fuels; double the renewable share of power from 15% to 30% of the global mix; and double the energy efficiency improvement rate.
[h=Flared Gas Reduction by recycling at middle east -VIDEO]1[/h]
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[h= Nash Flare Gas Recovery System - VIDEO]1[/h]
[h= Flare Gas Flow Metering ]1[/h]
Junior Member
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But it seems to me conversion to diesel may be too large a step. Diesel if spilled creates a environmental problem, if instead CH4 is able to be catalyzed to C3H8 propane or C4H10 Butane the available liquid could be used in hydraulic fracturing, the pressurized liquid could be re-injected into the well to keep production active until the final drop of oil was removed then it could be sold, hauled locally via truck, rail, or if a pipeline is now present put in for pipeline transport as it only requires 200 psi to liquefy.
In addition if the well is natural gas, the conversion to propane would allow several times the volume moved as a low pressure 200 psi liquid versus a 1700 psi high pressure gas line.
Ken
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