Mohamed

ÍáÞÇÊ ÇáÈÑäÇãÌ ÇáÇÐÇÚì ( ÈÓãÉ Ããá) ááÏÇÚíÉ ÇáÏßÊæÑ ÚãÑæ ÎÇáÏ

ÌãíÚ ÍáÞÇÊ ÇáÈÑäÇãÌ ÇáÇÐÇÚì

( ÈÓãÉ Ããá)

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Originally Posted by Mohamed

ÇÈÏà ÈÇáÃåã æáæ ßÇä ÕÚÈÇ

ÊãÊ ÇáÅÖÇÝÉ ÈÊÇÑíÎ : 17/12/2012ã ÇáãæÇÝÞ : 4/02/1434 åÜ

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Originally Posted by Mohamed

Viscosity and density are two properties of liquids and gases (or referred as fluids). They are very useful physical quantities when it comes to describing statics and dynamics of these substances. Viscosity and density alone can describe more than half the properties of a fluid. Viscosity Viscosity is defined as a measure of the resistance of a fluid which is being deformed by either shear stress or tensile stress. In more common words, viscosity is the “internal friction” of a fluid. It’s also referred as the thickness of a fluid. Viscosity is simply the friction between two layers of a fluid when the two layers move relative to each other. Sir Isaac Newton was a pioneer in fluid mechanics. He postulated that, for a Newtonian fluid, the shear stress between layers is proportional to the velocity gradient in the direction perpendicular to the layers. The proportional constant (proportionality factor) used here is the viscosity of the fluid. The viscosity is usually denoted by the Greek letter “µ”. Viscosity of a fluid can be measured using Viscometers and Rheometers. The units of viscosity are Pascal-seconds (or Nm^-2s). The cgs system uses the unit “poise”, named after Jean Louis Marie Poiseuille, to measure viscosity. Viscosity of a fluid can also be measured by several experiments. The viscosity of a fluid depends on the temperature. The viscosity decreases as the temperature is increased. Viscosity equations and models are very complex for non-Newtonian fluids. Density Density is defined as mass per unit volume. Density plays a vital role in fluid mechanics. Events such as up thrust are dependent on the density. Density is what we normally refer to as “weight” of a fluid. Density is a concept with which we are really familiar. It can be obtained from the simple equation density=mass/volume. Its units are Kgm^-3. What is the difference between Viscosity and Density? While most of the people think that viscosity and density are both the same

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Originally Posted by Mohamed

Please let us know your thoughts concerning petroleum community forum . By taking a moment to complete this survey you can help us evaluate performance of this community web site and any improvement required

I would greatly appreciate your honest feedback

Very thanks for your time and effort

http://www.surveymonkey.com/s/egpetsurvey

http://www.egpet.net/vb/forum.php

åí ãæÇÓã ááÎíÑÇÊ æááÇÒÏíÇÏ ãä ÇáÍÓäÇÊ æÑÝÚ ÇáÏÑÌÇʺ ÌÚáåÇ Çááå Úáì ØÑíÞ ÇáÓÇáßíä Åáíå¡ ÝÇÓÊÚÏæÇ æÃÚÏæÇ ßí áÇ ÊÝæÊßã ÇáÝÑÕÉ.

æãËáõ åÐå ÇáÃíÇã ÇáÃæá ãä Ðí ÇáÍÌÉ ÇáÚÔÑõ ÇáÃæÇÎÑ ãä ÑãÖÇä¡ æãËáåÇ íæã ÇáÌãÚÉ¡ æÞÏ ãíøóÒå Çááå Úä ÃíÇã ÇáÃÓÈæÚ¡ æÝíå ÓÇÚÉ ÅÌÇÈÉ¡ æãËá Ðáß ÇáÃÓÍÇÑ ãä ÇááíÇáí¡ æÝíåÇ ÓÇÚÉ ÊóÌóáøò æÞÑÈò áÑÍãÉ Çááå ÊÚÇáì ãä ÇáÞÇÆãíä ÇáÏÇÚíä ÇáãÓÊÛÝÑíä "Åä áÑÈßã Ýí ÃíÇã ÏåÑßã áäÝÍÇÊ¡ ÃáÇ ÝÊÚÑøóÖæÇ áäÝÍÇÊ ÑÈßã".

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æÚÔÑäÇ åÐå áíÓÊ ßÃí ÚÔÑ¡ æÚÔÑäÇ åÐå ÊÍÊæí Úáì ÝÖÇÆá ÚÔÑ:
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2- Ãä Çááå ÓãÇåÇ ÇáÃíÇã ÇáãÚáæãÇÊ ÝÞÇá ÊÚÇáì: ﴿æóíóÐúßõÑõæÇ ÇÓúãó Çááåö Ýöí ÃóíøóÇãò ãóÚúáõæãóÇÊò﴾ (ÇáÍÌ: ãä ÇáÂíÉ 28) ÞÇá ÇÈä ÚÈÇÓ: åí ÃíÇã ÇáÚÔÑ.

3- Ãä ÑÓæá Çááå- Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã- ÔåÏ áåÇ ÈÃäåÇ ÃÝÖá ÃíÇã ÇáÏäíÇ¡ Úä ÌÇÈÑ- ÑÖí Çááå Úäå- ÞÇá: ÞÇá ÑÓæá Çááå- Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã-: "ÃÝÖá ÃíÇã ÇáÏäíÇ ÃíÇã ÇáÚÔÑ" (ÑæÇå ÇáÈÒÇÑ¡ æÇÈä ÍíÇä Ýí ÕÍíÍå Úä ÌÇÈÑ Èä ÚÈÏ Çááå¡ æÕÍÍå ÇáÃáÈÇäí Ýí ÕÍíÍ ÇáÌÇãÚ).
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6- Ãä ÝíåÇ íæã ÇáÊÑæíÉ.
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9- Ãä ÝíåÇ ÇáÍÌ ÇáÐí åæ Ñßä ãä ÃÑßÇä ÇáÅÓáÇã.
10- Ãä ÝíåÇ íæã ÇáäÍÑ ÇáÐí åæ ÃÚÙã ÃíÇã ÇáÏäíÇ¡ ßãÇ ÞÇá ÇáäÈí Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã: "ÃÚÙã ÇáÃíÇã ÚäÏ Çááå

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æáÝÊ äÙÑí Ãä íßæä ÇáÍÌ ÃÍÏ åÐå ÇáÃÓÓ ÇáÎãÓ ÇáÊí íõÈäì ÚáíåÇ ÇáÅÓáÇã!! æåæ ÚÈÇÏÉ áÇ íßáÝ ÈåÇ ÇáãÓáã Ãæ ÇáãÓáãÉ ÅáÇ ãÑÉ æÇÍÏÉ Ýí ÇáÚãÑ¡ æåí áãä ÇÓÊØÇÚ.. Ãí Ãä åäÇß ãáÇííä ãä ÇáãÓáãíä Úáì ãÑ ÇáÚÕæÑ áÇ íÊãßäæä ãä ÃÏÇÁ åÐå ÇáÝÑíÖÉ áÚÏã ÇáÇÓÊØÇÚÉ.. ÍÊì ãä íÓÊØíÚ Ãä íÄÏí åÐå ÇáÝÑíÖÉ¡ ÝÃÛáÈåã íÄÏíåÇ ãÑÉ æÇÍÏɺ ...

Çááå ÇáÑÍãä ÇáÑÍíã


ÇáãÐíÚ :

ÈÓã Çááå ÇáÑÍãä ÇáÑÍíã ¡ Çááåã Õáöø ¡ æÓáã ¡ æÈÇÑß Úáì ÓíÏäÇ ãÍãÏ æÚáì Âáå æÕÍÈå ÃÌãÚíä .

ÅÎæÉ ÇáÅíãÇä æÇáÅÓáÇã ¡ ÇáÓáÇã Úáíßã æÑÍãÉ Çááå ÊÚÇáì æÈÑßÇÊå ¡ ÍáÞÉ ÌÏíÏÉ ãä ÈÑäÇãÌ ÇáÅÚÌÇÒ ÇáÚáãí Ýí ÇáßÊÇÈ æÇáÓäÉ ¡ ãÚäÇ ÝÖíáÉ ÇáÏßÊæÑ ãÍãÏ ÑÇÊÈ ÇáäÇÈáÓí ¡ ÃÓÊÇÐ ãÍÇÖÑ Ýí ßáíÉ ÇáÊÑÈíÉ ÈÌÇãÚÉ ÏãÔÞ ¡ ÎØíÈ æãÏÑÓ Ïíäí Ýí ÌæÇãÚ ÏãÔÞ ¡ ÃåáÇð æÓåáÇð Èßã .

íæÞä ÇáÈÇÍË Ýí ÇáÚáã ¡ æíÔÚÑ ÇáãÊÃãá Ýí Çáßæä ÍíäãÇ íÞÑà ÂíÇÊ ÇáÞÑÂä ÇáãÊÚáÞÉ ÈÎáÞ ÇáÃßæÇä æÇáÅäÓÇä ¡ íæÞä ¡ æíÔÚÑ Ãä ßá ÎáíÉ Ýí ÌÓãå ¡ æÈßá ÞØÑÉ Ýí Ïãå Ãä åÐÇ ÇáÞÑÂä ßáÇã Çááå ÇáãäÒá Úáì äÈíå ãÍãÏ Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã ¡ Ýí ÇáÍáÞÉ ÇáÓÇÈÞÉ ÊßáãäÇ Úä ÇáäÌæã æãæÇÞÚåÇ æÅÚÌÇÒ ÇáÞÑÂä ¡ ÈÃäå ÃÞÓã ÈãæÇÞÚ ÇáäÌæã ¡ ÞÇá ÊÚÇáì :




(ÓæÑÉ ÇáæÇÞÚÉ)

ÃãÇ Ýí åÐå ÇáÍáÞÉ ÝäÑíÏ Ãä äÊßáã ¡ æäÈÏà ÇáÍÏíË Úä ÇáÅäÓÇä ¡ Ýßá ãÇ äÑÇå íÏá Úáì ÚÙãÉ ÇáÎÇáÞ Ýí ÎáÞ ÇáÅäÓÇä .

ÇáÃÓÊÇÐ :

ÈÓã Çááå ÇáÑÍãä ÇáÑÍíã ¡ ÇáÍãÏ ááå ÑÈ ÇáÚÇáãíä ¡ æÇáÕáÇÉ æÇáÓáÇã Úáì ÓíÏäÇ ãÍãÏ ÇáÕÇÏÞ ÇáæÚÏ ÇáÃãíä .

Ýí Þæáå ÊÚÇáì :


(ÓæÑÉ ÝÕáÊ)

ÝßãÇ Ãä ÇáÅäÓÇä ãßáÝ Ãä íÌæá

...

because the hotter the air the faster the molecules move, the colder the air the slower the molecules move ,absolute zero is a tempature where molecules get so cold that they cant move anymore that tempature is -459.67°F or -273.15°C if you looked on a tempature scale they would be (the more common way,the actual tempature without a point) (a point is .) -459°F or -273°C , that tempature is without the point (.)
in the kelvin tempature way the tempature is 0 kelvin (written in kelvin tempature like this 0 K) its just a K no degree symbol (degree symbols look like ° )