Dear all
I have gone through a sumulation study report, there expert have mentioned
"water-oil & gas-oil relative permeability data have been used on the basis of experimental data on core of well#XYZ. They have gererated 6 set of data tables at different Swi & Sor
my question is what is the method of normalization if some body can explain the matter in an excel file alongwith theory and step will be helpful for lay men like me
At a high level, 'normalization' means making some changes to various data such that their characteristics can be compared in the same space
In this case, normalizing rel per curves usually involves
(a) Changing Sw to [I]normalized[/I] water saturation which for oil/water is Swn = (Sw - Swir)/(1-Sor-Swir).
You now have rel perm data defined from Swn = 0 (residual water) to Swn=1.0 (Sw = 1-Sor)
(b) Dividing all the rel perm values by the rel perm to hydrocarbon at residual water, so that (for example, oil/water) at Swn=0, Kro=1. Sometimes this is also done for the water line
Now you have a family of rel perms, all spanning the same ranges, which you can compare/overlay and look for similarities/groupings in shape/curvature. If you do find a family shape characteristic, then you normally fit a corey type exponent to it, then try to fit a set of equations to predict the endpoints as a function of (for example) perm and/or facie. Given these relationships, you can now make a reasonable prediction of any of this family of rock in your reservoir.
I think the best is to split the curves into different rock types, then from there merge the curves that shares same rock type using either kr or sw averaging methods with preference to kr average
[QUOTE=mid;123491]I think the best is to split the curves into different rock types, then from there merge the curves that shares same rock type using either kr or sw averaging methods with preference to kr average[/QUOTE]
could you elaborate with an examples how to do it
[QUOTE=vinomarky;123488]At a high level, 'normalization' means making some changes to various data such that their characteristics can be compared in the same space
In this case, normalizing rel per curves usually involves
(a) Changing Sw to [I]normalized[/I] water saturation which for oil/water is Swn = (Sw - Swir)/(1-Sor-Swir).
You now have rel perm data defined from Swn = 0 (residual water) to Swn=1.0 (Sw = 1-Sor)
(b) Dividing all the rel perm values by the rel perm to hydrocarbon at residual water, so that (for example, oil/water) at Swn=0, Kro=1. Sometimes this is also done for the water line
Now you have a family of rel perms, all spanning the same ranges, which you can compare/overlay and look for similarities/groupings in shape/curvature. If you do find a family shape characteristic, then you normally fit a corey type exponent to it, then try to fit a set of equations to predict the endpoints as a function of (for example) perm and/or facie. Given these relationships, you can now make a reasonable prediction of any of this family of rock in your reservoir.[/QUOTE]
dear vinomarky sir
will you help me to understand above procedure you have speaked
i have attached my excel file from where expert have deduced sets of data
[url]http://www.4shared.com/document/DhWtq_uU/Rel_Perm_Data.html[/url]
It's not that difficult....
In columns M,N,O&P in the water-oil sheet, all the values are in %. By way of translation, the first set of data would be as follows
Sw Kro Krw
0.1261 1 0
0.3219 0.2781 0.0641
0.4254 0.1589 0.0827
0.5128 0.0802 0.1107
0.5688 0.0456 0.1415
0.6072 0.0197 0.1739
0.6282 0.0165 0.2105
0.6841 0.0078 0.28
0.6993 0 0.4626
Achieved simply by dividing all the values by 100 to take it from % to fraction, then adding a row for Kr at Swir at the top and similarly at the bottom for Sw=1-Sor
There's no normalizing evident in this tabulated data - they may well have normalized it afterwards though
[QUOTE=vinomarky;123505]It's not that difficult....
In columns M,N,O&P in the water-oil sheet, all the values are in %. By way of translation, the first set of data would be as follows
Sw Kro Krw
0.1261 1 0
0.3219 0.2781 0.0641
0.4254 0.1589 0.0827
0.5128 0.0802 0.1107
0.5688 0.0456 0.1415
0.6072 0.0197 0.1739
0.6282 0.0165 0.2105
0.6841 0.0078 0.28
0.6993 0 0.4626
Achieved simply by dividing all the values by 100 to take it from % to fraction, then adding a row for Kr at Swir at the top and similarly at the bottom for Sw=1-Sor
There's no normalizing evident in this tabulated data - they may well have normalized it afterwards though[/QUOTE]
dear vinomarky
the normalized oil-water relative permeability used in simulation are
Sw Krw, Kro
0.1500,0.0000,1.0000
0.1894,0.0000,0.8789
0.2288,0.0001,0.7656
0.2681,0.0006,0.6602
0.3075,0.0018,0.5625
0.3469,0.0044,0.4727
0.3863,0.0091,0.3906
0.4256,0.0169,0.3164
0.4650,0.0288,0.2500
0.5044,0.0461,0.1914
0.5438,0.0702,0.1406
0.5831,0.1028,0.0977
0.6255,0.1455,0.0625
0.6619,0.2005,0.0352
0.7013,0.2696,0.0156
0.7406,0.3553,0.0039
0.7800,0.4600,0.0000
Normalized Gas liquid relative permeability used are
Sl, Krg, Kro
0.4000,1.0000,0.0000
0.4363,0.8789,0.0039
0.4725,0.7656,0.0156
0.5088,0.6602,0.0352
0.5450,0.5625,0.0625
0.5813,0.4727,0.0977
0.6175,0.3906,0.1406
0.6538,0.3164,0.1914
0.6900,0.2500,0.2500
0.7263,0.1914,0.3164
0.7625,0.1406,0.3906
0.7988,0.0977,0.4727
0.8350,0.0625,0.5625
0.8713,0.0352,0.6602
0.9075,0.0156,0.7656
0.9438,0.0039,0.8989
0.9800,0.0000,1.0000
my question is how this common table is deduced from the set of data earlier i posted, i just whant to know the technique if you put light on that
[QUOTE=vinomarky;123488]
(a) Changing Sw to [I]normalized[/I] water saturation which for oil/water is Swn = (Sw - Swir)/(1-Sor-Swir).
[/QUOTE]
This is how normalized saturation is calculated, similarly for gas rel perm. It is relative to MOBILE saturation rather than absolute saturation - sorry, don't have much else to offer