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Static corrections are done to eliminate the effect of the near-surface weathered structure under each shot and each geophone for each trace. It has two components:
1) Elevation static corrections, which correct for the surface heights of the shot and geophone above a standard height datum (Datum Plane)
2) Weathering static corrections, which correct for the heterogeneous surface layer, a few metres to several tens of metres thick, of abnormally low seismic velocity(Weathered Zone)
The estimation of the velocity of the WZ can be made by seismic refraction or more precisely, if you have a Well in your sudy area, by the recording of the direct wave in this well(seismic carrotage)
I think this short description will help you!
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