This lecture discusses different structural systems (shear frame, shear truss-frame, steel-concrete, tube, etc.). Particular comment is made with regard to ultra high-rise buildings and seismic effects.John-Hancock-Center

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1. INTRODUCTION
The use of structural steels in the last century permitted a great increase in the height of building constructions leading to modern high-rise buildings.

For low-rise buildings the most common structural solution is obtained by integrating two different load resisting systems in the same structure:

semi-rigid or pinned frames, which resist vertical actions only.
steel bracings or concrete walls and cores, which resist horizontal actions.

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