MW Kellogs methods for U loop calculations

[scu]

I have calculated the Forces on Pipe Anchors in U Loops.
The units of force are in lb. I want to convert them in Newtons.
But am confused that in MW Kelloggs book/methods the unit of force that are give are in lb or lbf or poundals

please help me with this conversions....

Adding to confusion is the attachment....... from RC1

[link Point to another website Only the registered members can access]

[kalvarez]

Dear Friend

Pound-force (lbf) is a unit of FORCE as Newton (N).
Pound-force (lbf) is defined as the weight of one pound-mass, ie, 1lbf=1lbm*32,2ft/s2/gc; gc=32,2(lbm*ft/s2)/lbf
On the other hand, Newton (N) is define as the weight of a mass of 1kg, ie, 1N=1kg*9,8m/s2
The conversion key holds in the mass units, 1 lbm=0,454 kg
Q: What if the weight of 1lbm and the weight of 0,454kg?
A: 1lbf=4,44N
I hope my explanation makes clear the conversion issue.
Anymway I wosh you a happy life!
I remain at your service for any other question :-)

[scu]

Hi Kalvarez..

Thanks for the replies. but I am aware of the conversions from FPS to SI units.
But my problem is about method used to Calculate the forces on Anchors in U loop added to take pipe expansion stresses.
I used MW Kelloggs method which makes use of Charts which are all in FPS. that is where i want seek clarification are they lbf or lbm.
Many old authors write the same unit (i mean word) 'lb' for both force and mass, that's what causes confusion, ideally they should write lbf and lbm to distinguish.