The block or rectangles represents unit operations and the blocks are connected by lines representing the process flow streams. Process flow streams may be mixtures of liquids, gases and solids flowing in pipes or ducts, or solids being carried on a conveyor belt.

  • unit operations such as mixers, separators, reactors, distillation columns and heat exchangers are usually denoted by a simple block or rectangle
  • groups of unit operations may be noted by a single block or rectangle
  • process flow streams flowing into and out of the blocks are represented by straight lines
  • the direction of flow of each of the process flow streams must be clearly indicated by arrows
  • flow streams should be numbered sequentially in a logical order
  • unit operations should be labeled
  • the diagram should be arranged so that the process material flows from left to right with upstream units on the left and downstream units on the right

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